Bill Cosby is an American comedian, actor, and producer who played a major role in the development of a more-positive portrayal of Blacks on television but whose sterling reputation was tarnished by dozens of accusations of sexual assault over the course of many decades. In 2018 he was found guilty of drugging and sexually assaulting a woman, but his conviction was overturned three years later.

Early life and career

Cosby left high school without earning his diploma and joined the U.S. Navy in 1956. While enlisted he passed a high-school equivalency exam, and after his discharge he received an athletic scholarship to Temple University in Philadelphia in 1961. During his sophomore year he left Temple to entertain at the Gaslight Cafe in Greenwich Village, New York City, where he began to establish a trademark comedic style characterized by a friendly and accessible stage persona and a relaxed, carefully timed delivery. During the 1960s Cosby toured major U.S. and Canadian cities, commanding ever-higher performance fees. In 1965 he made his first appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.

TV success: Fat Albert and The Cosby Show

Cosby’s first acting assignment, in the espionage series I Spy (1965–68), made him the first Black actor to perform in a starring dramatic role on network television. His portrayal of a Black secret agent won him three Emmy Awards and helped to advance the status of African Americans on television. Cosby’s subsequent projects for television included the series of Bill Cosby Specials (1968–71, 1975), the situation comedy The Bill Cosby Show (1969–71), the variety show The New Bill Cosby Show (1972–73), and the successful cartoon Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (1972–84, 1989). He appeared in numerous commercials and on children’s shows such as Sesame Street and Electric Company. He also made several feature films, which enjoyed limited success.

The cast of The Cosby Show: (standing, from left) Bill Cosby and Phylicia Rashad and (seated clockwise from left) Keshia Knight Pulliam, Tempestt Bledsoe, Malcolm-Jamal Warner, and Lisa Bonet.

Cosby’s most-successful work was The Cosby Show, which appeared on NBC from 1984 to 1992 and was one of the most-popular situation comedies in television history. The Cosby Show depicted a stable, prosperous Black family—Cosby’s character was a doctor whose wife was a lawyer—and avoided racial stereotypes. The show had broad cross-cultural appeal and won several major awards. After the show ended, he starred in the series Cosby (1996–2000), in which his Cosby Show costar Phylicia Rashad again played his wife.

Cosby was awarded a doctorate in education from the University of Massachusetts in 1977 and was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1984. His comedy records earned him eight Grammy Awards. In 1986 he wrote the best-selling book Fatherhood. In 1997 Cosby’s son, Ennis, was shot and killed while changing a tire on a Los Angeles freeway; that same year he and his wife, Camille, founded the Hello Friend/Ennis William Cosby Foundation in their son’s memory to fund teachers of students with learning disabilities. Cosby was outspoken about the need for African Americans to pursue higher education and to support their families. In 2008 he released the hip-hop album Cosby Narratives Vol. 1: State of Emergency, which blended jazz, pop, and funk but shied away from the profanity he said was typical of most hip-hop music.